Distribution, morphometry, and ice content of ice-wedge polygons in Tombstone Territorial Park, central Yukon, Canada

Investigations of the regional distribution of ice-wedge polygons and wedge-ice volume allow for the assessment of the vulnerability of permafrost landscapes to thaw-induced disturbances and related ecological feedbacks. Ice-wedge polygons have been described in multiple studies in flat terrain and low-gradient hillslopes, but few studies have examined ice-wedge polygons in mountainous terrain. This study investigates the distribution, morphometry, and wedge-ice content of ice-wedge polygons in Tombstone Territorial Park, a mountainous permafrost region in central Yukon. Results show that ice-wedge polygons occupy 2.6% of the park and preferentially develop in woody sedge peat, glaciofluvial, and alluvial deposits along the lower reaches of the Blackstone and East Blackstone rivers on hillslopes <= 1 degrees. The morphometry of five of six polygonal sites studied showed statistically similar polygon sizes and trough angles, while showing different development stages based on vegetation type, surface wetness, and spatial pattern. The estimation of wedge-ice volumes in the ice-wedge polygons is 8-22% and is comparable to that of other Arctic regions. However, the estimated wedge-ice volume represents a minimum value because older generations of ice wedges are truncated 3-4 m below the surface with no evidence of surface polygons, and the polygonal network can be obscured by slope processes, vegetation, and ice-wedge inactivity. This study provides insights into the application of morphometric and soil parameters for the assessment of ice-wedge polygon distribution and development stages.