Sustainable use of different wastewater in concrete construction: A review

Concrete production is consuming an enormous quantity of water for making fresh concrete. Around one billion tonnes of freshwater is used for washing aggregates, fresh concrete production, and concrete curing [1]. The scarcity of water imposes difficulties to deliver fresh water to the peoples due to the speedy development of industries like concrete production, stone cutting, tannery industries, which consume large amounts of freshwater and generating different wastewater in huge amounts. This paper reviews the physical and chemical effects of wastewater, rheological properties, hardened properties, and durability of concrete. Potential decomposing agents were identified and common special effects on concrete properties were investigated in wastewater generated. Limited research is available for making concrete with wastewater. Therefore, there is a crucial need to develop different procedures and methods to have utilization of wastewater in concrete production. The use of wash water resulted in reduced workability of fresh concrete but increased their compressive strength. Use of reclaimed water, PVAW, tertiary treated wastewater and wash water in mixing were found to be superior but use of industrial water and secondary treated wastewater have a negligible effect on the strength properties.