Crystal engineering: molecular networks based on inclusion phenomena

Inclusion processes based on molecular recognition processes may be used as a design principle for the generation of molecular networks in the solid state, Hollow tuneable molecular modules (koilands) based on fusion of pre-organised cavities were shown to be assembled in the solid state into one-dimensional molecular arrays (koilates) either by self-inclusion or by interconnection using connector molecules. The formation of the molecular networks in the crystalline phase was established by X-ray studies.