Testing of a Novel Cancer Metastatic Multiplex Panel for the Detection of Bone -metastatic Disease a Pilot Study

Background: Bone metastases develop in several multiple myeloma, breast, prostate and lung carcinoma) and cause several complications. The aim of this study was to search for new biomarkers to use in monitoring of bone metastatic disease with the use of xMAP technology. Patients and Methods: We assessed 62 oncological patients: 23 with no bone metastases, 25 with metastatic disease not having undergone therapy and 11 with metastatic disease treated by denosumab. Serum levels of dickkopfrelated protein 1 (DKK1), growth differentiation factor-LS (GDF15), neuron specific enolase (NSE), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteonectin, periostin, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAPS), tumor necrosis factor related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL40), carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) were measured in each sample. Results: The following biomarkers were observed to have significantly higher levels in the groups of patients with metastases in comparison to metastasis-free patients: GDFI5 (p<0.0001), osteonectin (1)=0.0311), TRAPS (p<0.0046), TWEAK (p<0.0343) and YKL40 (p<0.0034). The changes in DKK1, NSF, OPG and periostin were not significant. Conclusion: We identified five new biomarkers: GDF15, osteonectin, TRAPS, TWEAK, and YKL40 as being promising markers for monitoring bone metastases.