Multi-scale 3D investigations of a commercial 18650 Li-ion battery with correlative electron- and X-ray microscopy

被引:52
作者
Gelb, Jeff [1 ]
Finegan, Donal P. [2 ]
Brett, Dan J. L. [2 ]
Shearing, Paul R. [2 ]
机构
[1] Carl Zeiss Xray Microscopy, Pleasanton, CA USA
[2] UCL, Dept Chem Engn, Electrochem Innovat Lab, Torrington Pl, London WC1E 7JE, England
基金
英国工程与自然科学研究理事会;
关键词
18650; Characterization; X-ray microscopy; Scanning-electron microscopy; Correlative microscopy; Tortuosity; THERMAL RUNAWAY; TOMOGRAPHY; INHOMOGENEITIES; QUANTIFICATION; VISUALIZATION; DEGRADATION; TORTUOSITY; OPERANDO;
D O I
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.04.102
中图分类号
O64 [物理化学(理论化学)、化学物理学];
学科分类号
070304 ; 081704 ;
摘要
In the present study, a commercial 18650 Li-ion cylindrical cell is investigated with non-destructive 3D X-ray microscopy across a range of length scales, beginning with a survey of the entire cell and non-destructively enlarging a smaller section. Active materials are extracted from a disassembled cell and imaging performed using a combination of sub-micron X-ray microscopy and 2D scanning-electron microscopy, which point toward the need for multi-scale analysis in order to accurately characterize the cell. Furthermore, a small section is physically isolated for 3D nano-scale X-ray microscopy, which provides a measurement of porosity and enables the effective diffusivity and 3-dimensional tortuosities to be calculated via computer simulation. Finally, the 3D X-ray microscopy data is loaded into a correlative microscopy environment, where a representative sub-surface region is identified and, subsequently, analyzed using electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results of this study elucidate the microstructural characteristics and potential degradation mechanisms of a commercial NCA battery and, further, establish a technique for extracting the Bruggeman exponent for a real-world microstructure using correlative microscopy. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:77 / 86
页数:10
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