Prognostic Pre-Operative Factor Influencing Hip Arthroscopy Outcomes for Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: a Comprehensive Literature Review

Introduction. The number of hip arthroscopies (HAs) have been greatly increased in the last fifteen years parallel to the diffusion of the knowledge of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Unfortunately, outcomes of HA can be variable and not always satisfactory. The recognition of pre-operative factors which may negatively affect the outcomes of FAIS arthroscopic treatment is therefore of primary importance. The purpose of this review article is to identify those factors. Methods. This review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE) were searched using the following key words: "femur acetabular impingement", "hip arthroscopy", "outcome". Studies were screened and data extracted in duplicate. Results. Different pre-operative factors can negatively influence the clinical outcomes of HA for FAIS: older age, chondral injury, gender, bone cyst and subchondral edema, osteoarthritis, low preoperative Patients Reported Outcome Measurements (PROMs), long duration of symptoms and surgeon experience. Conclusions. Hip Arthroscopy is an established surgical technique for the treatment of FAIS. Surgeons and Patients should be aware about the negative pre-operative prognostic factors before the procedure.