The Chandra COSMOS Legacy Survey: Energy Spectrum of the Cosmic X-Ray Background and Constraints on Undetected Populations

被引：73
作者：
Cappelluti, Nico [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Li, Yanxia [1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ]
Ricarte, Angelo [3 ]
Agarwal, Bhaskar [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Allevato, Viola [5 ]
Ananna, Tonima Tasnim [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Ajello, Marco [6 ]
Civano, Francesca [7 ]
Comastri, Andrea [8 ]
Elvis, Martin [7 ]
Finoguenov, Alexis [5 ,9 ]
Gilli, Roberto [8 ]
Hasinger, Guenther [4 ]
Marchesi, Stefano [6 ]
Natarajan, Priyamvada [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Pacucci, Fabio [2 ]
Treister, E. [10 ]
Urry, C. Megan [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构：
[1] Yale Ctr Astron & Astrophys, POB 208121, New Haven, CT 06504 USA
[2] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, POB 208121, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
[3] Yale Univ, Dept Astron, POB 208101, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
[4] Univ Hawaii, Inst Astron, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
[5] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Gustaf Hallstromin Katu 2a, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
[6] Clemson Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Kinard Lab Phys, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
[7] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
[8] Osservatorio Astron Bologna, INAF, Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
[9] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Postfach 1312, D-85741 Garching, Germany
[10] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Inst Astrofis, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile
来源：
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2017年 / 837卷 / 01期
基金：
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词：
catalogs; infrared: diffuse background; quasars: supermassive black holes; surveys; X-rays: diffuse background; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; POINT-SOURCE CATALOG; 1ST BLACK-HOLES; XMM-NEWTON; EVOLUTION; ABSORPTION; MODEL; IDENTIFICATION; FLUCTUATIONS; LUMINOSITY;
D O I：
10.3847/1538-4357/aa5ea4
中图分类号：
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号：
0704 ;
摘要：
Using Chandra observations in the 2.15 deg(2) COSMOS-legacy field, we present one of the most accurate measurements of the Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB) spectrum to date in the [0.3-7] keV energy band. The CXB has three distinct components: contributions from two Galactic collisional thermal plasmas at kT similar to 0.27 and 0.07 keV and an extragalactic power law with a photon spectral index Gamma = 1.45 +/- 0.02. The 1 keV normalization of the extragalactic component is 10.91 +/- 0.16 keV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) keV(-1). Removing all X-ray-detected sources, the remaining unresolved CXB is best fit by a power law with normalization 4.18 +/- 0.26 keV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) keV(-1) and photon spectral index Gamma = 1.57 +/- 0.10. Removing faint galaxies down to i(AB) similar to 27-28 leaves a hard spectrum with Gamma similar to 1.25 and a 1 keV normalization of similar to 1.37 keV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) keV(-1). This means that similar to 91% of the observed CXB is resolved into detected X-ray sources and undetected galaxies. Unresolved sources that contribute similar to 8%-9% of the total CXB show marginal evidence of being harder and possibly more obscured than resolved sources. Another similar to 1% of the CXB can be attributed to still undetected star-forming galaxies and absorbed active galactic nuclei. According to these limits, we investigate a scenario where early black holes totally account for non-source CXB fraction and constrain some of their properties. In order to not exceed the remaining CXB and the z similar to 6 accreted mass density, such a population of black holes must grow in Compton-thick envelopes with N-H > 1.6 x 10(25) cm(-2) and form in extremely low-metallicity environments (Z(circle dot)) similar to 10(-3).
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页数：8
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