Approaches to policy and politics: Neoliberalism, Hegemony and Biopolitics

This work deals with the distinction between politics and politics in their dispute between neoliberalism, hegemony and biopolitics. We differentiate the political as a principle that establishes the foundations of the functioning of the social of politics as concrete forms of its realization. We explore these notions in these currents. The political for neoliberalism can be identified with individual freedom and its realization in the market. For the theory of hegemony, politics is linked to antagonism and articulation. For biopolitics, life is the object of politics. For its part, the policy for neoliberalism is what opposes individual freedom and is against any intervention by the State; however, it requires and uses the instruments of government for its expansion and maintenance. The politics for populism is the ability to establish a shared and accepted notion of meaning that allows presenting a particularity in the form of a totality through a singular relationship between different social movements and the figure of the leader for the demand of popular demands. Autonomy proposes an emancipatory politics through the crowd as a common form of existence that allows preservation of individual singularities.