A Perspective Review on Surface Integrity and Its Machining Behavior of AISI 4340 Hardened Alloy Steel

Manufacturing of the machine component with the superior finished surface is very much imperative in the production practices as its functional characteristic depends on surface texture. Finished hard part turning is the process performed with workpieces having a hardness level of more than 45 HRC. After the introduction of the new advanced tool such as ceramic, CBN, cermet etc. having PVD (physical vapor deposition), CVD (chemical vapor deposition) coating layer with the process become more significance, this increases the tool wear resistance. Machined surface roughness is an essential factor used in the assessment of the surface integrity of machined components. The requirement for a cutting tool is the most important factor for achieving optimum quality products for AISI 4340 hardened steel. Machining of hardened part steel is performed without the use of cutting fluids which is beneficial for improving manufacturing productivity. This article introduces a systematic review on surface integrity of AISI 4340 grade steel in hard part turning considering all critical observations such as surface irregularities, microstructure, microhardness, and residual stress. This report provides detailed information regarding the surface integrity and its machining measures of hardened steel by adopting an idea for generating advanced tools and methods for selection, planning, and processing of components. Based on the key findings, it may contribute for future research to achieve high accuracy with a better surface finish through turning of 4340 steel in an environmental-friendly and economical manufacturing scenario. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.