Analytical intrinsic electromechanical properties of ferroelectric ceramics under the saturated and unsaturated poling states

Probability density functions of orientation (PDFOs) of ferroelectric domains and electromechanical properties of the saturated and unsaturated poled ceramics for three phases (tetragonal (4mm), rhombohedral (3m) and orthorhombic (mm2)) are explicitly derived in this paper. With the domain switching criterion, the three-dimensional orientation space is divided into subfields for different switching types. The PDFOs before poling are then transformed into PDFOs after poling through standard probability theoretical calculation. The PDFO method enables the treatment of saturated and unsaturated poling in one work frame. Possible extension of this generic method is also proposed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.