Inhibition of Insulin Degrading Enzyme to Control Diabetes Mellitus and its Applications on some Other Chronic Disease: a Critical Review

Purpose This review aims to provide a precise perceptive of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and its relationship to type 2 diabetes (T2D), Alzheimer's disease (AD), obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the current study was to provide clear idea of treating prevalent diseases such as T2D, and AD by molecular pharmacological therapeutics rather than conventional medicinal therapy. Methods To achieve the aims, molecular docking was performed using several softwares such as LIGPLOT+, Python, and Protein-Ligand Interaction Profiler with corresponding tools. Results The IDE is a large zinc-metalloprotease that breakdown numerous pathophysiologically important extracellular substrates, comprising amyloid beta-protein (A beta) and insulin. Recent studies demonstrated that dysregulation of IDE leads to develop AD and T2D. Specifically, IDE regulates circulating insulin in a variety of organs via a degradation-dependent clearance mechanism. IDE is unique because it was subjected to allosteric activation and mediated via an oligomer structure. Conclusion In this review, we summarised the factors that modulate insulin reformation by IDE and interaction of IDE and some recent reports on IDE inhibitors against AD and T2D. We also highlighted the latest signs of progress of the function of IDE and challenges in advancing IDE- targetted therapies against T2D and AD.