Acid-based resorcinol-formaldehyde xerogels synthesized by microwave heating

被引:23
作者
Alonso-Buenaposada, Isabel D. [1 ]
Rey-Raap, Natalia [1 ]
Calvo, Esther G. [1 ]
Angel Menendez, J. [1 ]
Arenillas, Ana [1 ]
机构
[1] CSIC, Inst Nacl Carbon, Apartado 73, E-33080 Oviedo, Spain
关键词
Organic xerogels; pH; Microwave heating; Porosity; Resorcinol; Formaldehyde; CARBON XEROGELS; POROSITY; AEROGELS; GELS; SCATTERING; VARIABLES; COST; ION;
D O I
10.1007/s10971-017-4475-z
中图分类号
TQ174 [陶瓷工业]; TB3 [工程材料学];
学科分类号
0805 ; 080502 ;
摘要
The polymerization reaction that takes place between resorcinol and formaldehyde is spontaneous but slow. For this reason, compounds are often used to increase the reaction rate and reduce the synthesis time. These compounds can be basic or acidic and their nature and concentration can be used to modify the mechanisms of the reaction and the final properties of the materials. In this work, the differences in the final properties of the organic xerogels obtained with basic or acid boosters have been studied. It was found that, irrespective of the nature of the booster, none of the end-product materials showed any differences in their chemical properties. Moreover, the concentrations of the components of the precursor solution (i.e., monomers, water, and methanol) were observed to have the same effect on the porous properties of the materials regardless of whether an acidic or a basic booster was used. However, differences in the porous properties were observed. It was found that the methanol content was crucial to tailor the porosity over the entire nanoscale when an acidic booster is used. These results are of great importance as acidic boosters allows to decrease synthesis time and, hence, to produce more competitive materials.
引用
收藏
页码:60 / 69
页数:10
相关论文
共 30 条
[1]  
Aegerter M.A., 2011, AEROGELS HDB ADV SOL
[2]   Preparation and properties of resorcinol-formaldehyde organic and carbon gels [J].
Al-Muhtaseb, SA ;
Ritter, JA .
ADVANCED MATERIALS, 2003, 15 (02) :101-+
[3]   Sulfurized carbon xerogels as Pt support with enhanced activity for fuel cell applications [J].
Alegre, Cinthia ;
Sebastian, David ;
Elena Galvez, Maria ;
Moliner, Rafael ;
Jesus Lazaro, Maria .
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL, 2016, 192 :260-267
[4]   An underrated variable essential for tailoring the structure of xerogel: the methanol content of commercial formaldehyde solutions [J].
Alonso-Buenaposada, Isabel D. ;
Garrido, Leoncio ;
Montes-Moran, Miguel A. ;
Angel Menendez, J. ;
Arenillas, Ana .
JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 2017, 83 (02) :478-488
[5]   Effect of methanol content in commercial formaldehyde solutions on the porosity of RF carbon xerogels [J].
Alonso-Buenaposada, Isabel D. ;
Rey-Raap, Natalia ;
Calvo, Esther G. ;
Angel Menendez, J. ;
Arenillas, Ana .
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS, 2015, 426 :13-18
[6]   Development of high-porosity resorcinol formaldehyde aerogels with enhanced mechanical properties through improved particle necking under CO2 supercritical conditions [J].
Alshrah, Mohammed ;
Minh-Phuong Tran ;
Gong, Pengjian ;
Naguib, Hani E. ;
Park, Chul B. .
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE, 2017, 485 :65-74
[7]   Synthesis of carbon xerogels and their application in adsorption studies of caffeine and diclofenac as emerging contaminants [J].
Alvarez, S. ;
Ribeiro, R. S. ;
Gomes, H. T. ;
Sotelo, J. L. ;
Garcia, J. .
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN, 2015, 95 :229-238
[8]   Impact of synthesis conditions on meso- and macropore structures of resorcinol-formaldehyde xerogels [J].
Awadallah-F, Ahmed ;
Elkhatat, Ahmed M. ;
Al-Muhtaseb, Shaheen A. .
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE, 2011, 46 (24) :7760-7769
[9]   Small-angle X-ray scattering of a new series of organic aerogels [J].
Barbieri, O ;
Ehrburger-Dolle, F ;
Rieker, TP ;
Pajonk, GM ;
Pinto, N ;
Rao, AV .
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS, 2001, 285 (1-3) :109-115
[10]   Acetic-acid-catalyzed and subcritically dried carbon aerogels with a nanometer-sized structure and a wide density range [J].
Brandt, R ;
Fricke, J .
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS, 2004, 350 :131-135