Machine learning to reduce cycle time for time-lapse seismic data assimilation into reservoir management

Time-lapse (4D) seismic is widely deployed in offshore operations to monitor improved oil recovery methods including water flooding, yet its value for enhanced well and reservoir management is not fully realized due to the long cycle times required for quantitative 4D seismic data assimilation into dynamic reservoir models. To shorten the cycle, we have designed a simple inversion workflow to estimate reservoir property changes directly from 4D attribute maps using machine-learning (ML) methods. We generated tens of thousands of training samples by Monte Carlo sampling from the rock-physics model within reasonable ranges of the relevant parameters. Then, we applied ML methods to build the relationship between the reservoir property changes and the 4D attributes, and we used the learnings to estimate the reservoir property changes given the 4D attribute maps. The estimated reservoir property changes (e.g., water saturation changes) can be used to analyze injection efficiency, update dynamic reservoir models, and support reservoir management decisions. We can reduce the turnaround time from months to days, allowing early engagements with reservoir engineers to enhance integration. This accelerated data assimilation removes a deterrent for the acquisition of frequent 4D surveys.