Toward vehicular cloud/fog communication: A survey on data dissemination in vehicular ad hoc networks using vehicular cloud/fog computing

The digitization of objects has given birth to the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) which is revolutionizing traditional objects by replacing them with intelligent objects such as smart vehicles, smartphones, smart home horizontal ellipsis etc. In this context, and with the emergence of vehicle networks, is born the need to increase the vehicular resources in order to benefit from several applications facilitating driving and ensuring the drivers safety, even going to think of the automated driving. The use of cloud computing has become the key solution to the lack of resources required to run compute-intensive applications and the lack of storage space to back up all data related to roads and applications. In addition, we are witnessing the birth of the fog computing paradigm, which brings the functionalities of cloud computing at the edge of the network, thereby solving the latency problem for some time-sensitive applications and also saving the bandwidth of the network because vehicle requests will not need to cross the entire network to be processed at the cloud level. In this paper, we discuss the different principles of cloud/fog computing and compare the two paradigms. We present a classification of data dissemination schemes in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), vehicular cloud, and vehicular fog computing with their different architectures proposed. We finally present several cloud/fog computing applications.