Effect of preoperative fluid therapy on hemodynamic stability during anesthesia induction, a randomized study

Background Preserving perfusion pressure during anesthesia induction is crucial. Standardized anesthesia methods, alert fluid therapy and vasoactive drugs may help maintain adequate hemodynamic conditions throughout the induction procedure. In this randomized study, we hypothesized that a pre-operative volume bolus based on lean body weight would decrease the incidence of significant blood pressure drops (BPD) after induction with target-controlled infusion (TCI) or rapid sequence induction (RSI). Methods Eighty individuals scheduled for non-cardiac surgery were randomized to either a pre-operative colloid fluid bolus of 6 ml kg(-1) lean body weight or no bolus, and then anesthetized by means of TCI or RSI. The main outcome measure was blood pressure drops below the mean arterial pressure 65 mm Hg during the first 20 minutes after anesthesia induction. ClinicalTrials.com Identifier: NCT03394833. Results Pre-operative fluid therapy decreased the incidence of BPDs fivefold, from 23 of 40 (57.5%) individuals without fluids to 5 of 40 (12.5%) with fluid management, P < .001. The mean BPD was greater in the groups without pre-operative fluids compared to the groups with fluid management; 53 +/- 18 mm Hg vs 43 +/- 14 mm Hg, P = .007. The overall mean volume of pre-operative fluid bolus infused was 387 +/- 52 ml. There was no difference in hemodynamic stability between TCI and RSI. No correlation was shown between incidence of BPDs and increasing age, medication, hypertension, diabetes, renal failure, or low physical capacity. Conclusions Pre-operative fluid bolus decreased the incidence of significant blood pressure drops during TCI and RSI induction of general anesthesia.