Carbon and Water Footprints and Energy Use of Greenhouse Tomato Production in Northern Italy

被引:46
作者
Almeida, Joana [1 ]
Achten, Wouter M. J. [2 ]
Verbist, Bruno [1 ]
Heuts, Reindert F. [3 ]
Schrevens, Eddie [3 ]
Muys, Bart [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Leuven, Div Forest Nat & Landscape, Leuven, Belgium
[2] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Inst Environm Management & Land Use Planning, Brussels, Belgium
[3] Univ Leuven, Measure Model & Manage Bioresponses Div, Louvain, Belgium
关键词
agriculture; cogeneration; eco-labeling; industrial ecology; life cycle assessment (LCA); life cycle energy analysis; LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT; INVENTORY; CULTIVATION; EMISSIONS; IMPACTS; LCA;
D O I
10.1111/jiec.12169
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
This study reports on the carbon, water, and energy footprints of tomatoes grown in a greenhouse in Northern Italy and two possible future variations of heating and carbon dioxide (CO2) fertilization on the current setup. The heat supply in place, consisting of natural gas (NG) and canola oil combustion, is compared to cogeneration and incineration of municipal solid waste for heating and CO2 from industrial exhaust for fertilization. As a benchmark, the current system is also compared to a conventional system, in which heat is delivered solely based on NG. Each kilogram (kg) of fresh tomatoes (Cuore di Bue variety) produced in the current greenhouse emits 2.28kg CO2 equivalents (eq) and uses 95.5 megajoules(MJ) eq energy and 122 liters (L) of water. Relative to the system in place, the carbon footprint (CF) is 57.5% and 18% higher with conventional NG heating and cogeneration and is 40% lower with waste valorization. Further, 33%, 55%, and 63% less energy and 9%, 96%, and 14% less water are used in the conventional, cogeneration, and waste valorization scenarios, respectively. This confirms that there are multiple strategies to reduce the impact of the tomato production under consideration.
引用
收藏
页码:898 / 908
页数:11
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