Creep deformation of fiber reinforced plastics-plated reinforced concrete tensile members

The problem of lon-term creep deformation of reinforced concrete tensile elements strengthened by external fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) plates is Studied. Formation of discrete cracks in concrete under tension is taken into account. A kinematic model is used. where relative slips between concrete, steel bars, and FRP plates are considered. governed by viscous interface shear stress-Slip laws. Bazant' solidification theory and experiential algorithm are used to obtain incremental constitutive equations for concrete as well as for steel-concrete and FRP-concrete interface laws. Moreover, cohesive normal stresses across transverse cracks in concrete are considered. The incremental differential system of equations is transformed into a nonlinear algebraic system by a finite difference discretization with respect to axial coordinate. Several numerical examples are presented. concerning both short-term and lone-term loadings. It is shown that reinforcing by means of FRP plates or sheets has significant beneficial effects on the behavior of reinforced concrete elements under service loadings because (1) it increases concrete tension stiffening effect and (2) it strongly reduces crack width. The present study shows that these beneficial effects are preserved also in the case of long-term loadings.