S-Adenosyl-L-methionine ameliorates TNFα-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

An association between inflammatory processes and the pathogenesis of insulin resistance has been increasingly suggested. The I kappa B kinase-beta (IKK-beta)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) pathway is a molecular mediator of insulin resistance. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) has both antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the effects of SAM on the glucose transport and insulin signaling impaired by the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. SAM partially reversed the basal and insulin stimulated glucose transport, which was impaired by TNF alpha. The TNF alpha-induced suppression of the tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Akt in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was also reversed by SAM. In addition, SAM significantly attenuated the TNF alpha-induced degradation of I kappa B-alpha and NF-kappa B activation. Interestingly, SAM directly inhibited the kinase activity of IKK-beta in vitro. These results suggest that SAM can alleviate TNF alpha mediated-insulin resistance by inhibiting the IKK-beta/NF-kappa B pathway and thus can have a beneficial role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.