Volatile fatty acid production from semi-synthetic milk processing wastewater under alkali pH: The pearls and pitfalls of microbial culture

Volatile fatty acids (WA) are one of the most promising sustainable and environmentally friendly bioproduct owing to their wide usage area and high market demand. For this reason, in this study, the evaluation of VFA production from pure and mixed bacterial cultures was aimed. Three different mixed cultures with C. aceticum, C. butyricum and P. acidipropionici as pure cultures were used for inoculation of milk processing wastewater fermentation under pH 10 for 15 days. The mixed culture fermentation had the highest VFA production efficiency whereas the highest amount of acetic, butyric and propionic acid productions were obtained by C. aceticum, C. butyricum and P. acidipropionici, respectively. Also, the mixed cultures demonstrated faster pH regulation and acclimation than the pure cultures tested. Therefore, development of synthetic cultures may offer a useful approach to produce VFA mixtures with one-dominant acid type and with high production efficiency.