Current and future threats for ecological quality management of South American freshwater ecosystems

被引:34
|
作者
Torremorell, Ana [1 ]
Hegoburu, Cecilia [1 ]
Lucia Brandimarte, Ana [2 ]
Costa Rodrigues, Eduardo Henrique [2 ]
Pompeo, Marcelo [2 ]
Cardoso da Silva, Sheila [2 ]
Moschini-Carlos, Viviane [2 ]
Caputo, Luciano [3 ,4 ]
Fierro, Pablo [3 ]
Ivan Mojica, Jose [5 ]
Pantoja Matta, Angela Lucia [6 ]
Charles Donato, Jhon [7 ]
Jimenez-Pardo, Pedro [8 ]
Molinero, Jon [8 ]
Rios-Touma, Blanca [9 ]
Goyenola, Guillermo [10 ]
Iglesias, Carlos [10 ]
Lopez-Rodriguez, Anahi [10 ]
Meerhoff, Mariana [10 ]
Pablo Pacheco, Juan [10 ]
Teixeira de Mello, Franco [10 ]
Rodriguez-Olarte, Douglas [11 ]
Barrios Gomez, Margenny [11 ,12 ]
Vicente Montoya, Jose [9 ,12 ]
Cesar Lopez-Doval, Julio [13 ]
Navarro, Enrique [14 ]
机构
[1] Univ Nacl Lujan, Inst Ecol & Desarrollo Sustentable INEDES, Dept Ciencias Basicas, CONICET, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina
[2] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Sao Paulo, Brazil
[3] Univ Austral Chile, Inst Ciencias Marinas & Limnol, Valdivia, Chile
[4] Univ Austral Chile, Ctr Transdisciplinario Estudios Ambientales & Des, Valdivia, Chile
[5] Univ Nacl Colombia, Inst Ciencias Nat, Bogota, Colombia
[6] Univ Cauca, Popayan, Popayan, Colombia
[7] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Biol, Bogota, Colombia
[8] Pontificia Univ Catolica Ecuador Sede Esmeraldas, Escuela Gest Ambiental, Esmeraldas, Ecuador
[9] Univ Amer, Fac Ingn & Ciencias Aplicadas, Ingn Ambiental, Grp Invest Biodiversidad Medio Ambiente & Salud B, Quito, Ecuador
[10] Univ Republ, Ctr Univ Reg Este, Maldonado, Uruguay
[11] Univ Centroccident Lisandro Alvarado UCLA, Colecc Reg Peces, Decanato Agron, Museo Ciencias Nat, Lara, Venezuela
[12] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Lab Ecol Acuat, Caracas, Venezuela
[13] Catalan Inst Water Res ICRA, Girona, Spain
[14] CSIC, Inst Pirena Ecol, Av Montanana 1005, Zaragoza 50059, Spain
关键词
environmental policy; freshwater ecosystems; global change; sustainable development; DIATOM DIDYMOSPHENIA-GEMINATA; LAND-USE; AQUATIC MACROINVERTEBRATES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; HUMAN IMPACT; SAO-PAULO; PATAGONIA; BRAZIL; FISHES; COLOMBIA;
D O I
10.1080/20442041.2019.1608115
中图分类号
Q [生物科学];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Global change drivers including eutrophication, hydrological disturbance, climate change, chemical pollution, overexploitation, invasive species, and land-use change are affecting the function and structure of freshwater ecosystems. South American freshwater ecosystems are especially threatened by the combination of rising human pressures on natural resources (i.e., water use, intensive agriculture, mining, deforestation, and afforestation) and the lack of adequate legislation and economic resources for environmental protection and restoration. We assess the state of freshwater ecosystems in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Uruguay, and Venezuela, focusing on broad categories of human-induced threats grouped into 5 categories: climate change, watershed stressors, hydrological alteration, channel modification, and biological stressors. For most countries, the most severe threats are related to land uses such as mining, agriculture, and urban expansion. Other threats relate to the abstraction or wasteful use of water and the intense regulation of flows, including the effects of large hydraulic infrastructure. There is also an increasing need to empower public organisations that focus on environmental protection, to update or develop an adequate regulatory and legal framework, to provide adequate funding for the implementation of environmental legislation, and not least to implement ecological rehabilitation. Implementation of these steps would reduce the threats to South American aquatic ecosystems and allow progress toward the sustainable development of this region in future decades.
引用
收藏
页码:125 / 140
页数:16
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