Psychological risk indicators for peri-implantitis: A cross-sectional study

Aim The aim of this analytical cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between peri-implantitis and psychological distress, and potentially related/mediating factors such as general health, bruxism, and lifestyle factors. Materials and Methods Patients who received dental implants at a private practice in the Netherlands between January 2011 and January 2014 were recalled on a 5-year clinical and radiographic follow-up examination. Presence of peri-implantitis was examined, and patients completed questionnaires measuring psychological distress (Symptom Checklist [SCL]-90), bruxism, general health, and lifestyle factors. Associations between the self-reported factors and peri-implantitis were analysed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. Results A total of 230 patients (with 347 implants) were included in the analysis. Prevalence of (mild to severe) peri-implantitis was 30% (69 patients). Variables that showed a significant univariable association with peri-implantitis (p < .10) were the SCL-90 subdomain depression, smoking, current medical treatment, and lung problems. In the multivariate regression analysis, depression was the only variable that was significantly associated with peri-implantitis (p < .05). Conclusions The presence of depressive symptoms is a risk indicator for peri-implantitis. Recognizing the potential negative impact of depressive symptoms may allow for better identification of high-risk patients.