Dexmedetomidine inhibits muscarinic type 3 receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes and muscarine-induced intracellular Ca2+ stop elevation in cultured rat dorsal root ganglia cells

Dexmedetomidine, an alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist, has been approved for clinical use, although the mechanism of dexmedetomidine action has not been fully elucidated. Several studies have shown that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are recognized as targets for anesthetics and analgesics. Therefore, it is of interest to determine whether dexmedetomidine affects the function of GPCRs other than the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor. We examined the effects of dexmedetomidine on M-1, M-3, 5-HT2C, substance P, and orexin 1 receptors in Xenopus oocytes expressing individual receptors. In addition, we investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on muscarinic receptor-mediated changes in [Ca2+](i) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of 3-week-old Wister rats. Dexmedetomidine did not affect the 5-HT2C-, or substance P-induced Cl- currents and had little inhibition on the orexin A-induced current in oocytes expressing the respective receptors. The compound also had little effect on the acetylcholine (ACh, 1 mu M)-induced Ca2+-activated Cl- currents in Xenopus oocytes expressing M-1 receptors. In contrast, dexmedetomidine inhibited the ACh-induced currents in Xenopus oocytes expressing M-3 receptors; 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, and 1 mu M dexmedetomidine reduced the current to 66.5 +/- 4.8, 51.3 +/- 12, 34.6 +/- 11, and 26.8 +/- 6.4% of the control value, respectively (EC50=3.5 +/- 0.7 nM). Dexmedetomidine reduced the ACh-induced Cl- currents after treatment with the selective protein kinase C inhibitor GF109203X. Moreover, the compound inhibited the muscarinic receptor-mediated increases in [Ca2+](i) in cultured DRG cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine inhibits the function of M-3 receptors, in addition to its agonistic effects on alpha(2)-adrenoceptors, which provides further insight into the pharmacological properties of dexmedetomidine.