Heat pumps and three important ''E:s'': Energy, environment and economy

The potential for energy saving is discussed for domestic heat pumps. Results of computer simulations of a heat pump prototype with ambient air as treat source are exemplified. Typical climates in southern, middle and northern Europe are used for comparisons. Similar climatic conditions can be found in many other parts of the world. The seasonal performance factor of the heat pump is considerably higher for an installation in southern Europe than for one in northern. Environmental aspects are also discussed, focusing on the (direct or indirect) emissions of gases contributing to the global warming. Heat pumps represent a favorable alternative compared to most conventional systems fbr heating. The economical potential for ''heating only heat pumps'' is strongly dependent on the investment cost. Increasing energy prices for electricity and for fuel increase its economical potential. For dual purpose heat pumps - heating and cooling - the extra investment is in most cases quite low, making this a natural choice in climates where there is a need for comfort cooling.