Comparison of Equations Estimating Resting Metabolic Rate in Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Measuring resting metabolic rate (RMR) is time-consuming and expensive, and thus various equations for estimating RMR have been developed. This study's objective was to compare five equations in elderly people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). RMR was measured in 90 older adults (>= 65 years) with T2DM (mean body mass index (BMI) of 31.5 kg/m(2)), using indirect calorimetry. Results were compared to four frequently used equations (those of Cunningham, Harris and Benedict, and Gougeon developed for young adults with T2DM, and that of Luhrmann, which was developed for the elderly), in addition to a new equation developed recently at the Academic College at Wingate (Nachmani) for overweight individuals. Estimation accuracy was defined as the percentage of subjects with calculated RMR within +/- 10% of measured RMR. Measured RMR was significantly underestimated by all equations. The equations of Nachmani and Luhrmann had the best estimation accuracy: 71.4% in males and 50.9% in females. Skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and the use of insulin explained 70.6% of the variability in measured RMR. RMR in elderly participants with T2DM was higher than that calculated using existing equations. The most accurate equations for this specific population were those developed for obesity or the elderly. Unbalanced T2DM may increase caloric demands in the elderly. It is recommended to adjust the RMR equations used for the target population.