Fever is not only observed in the course of a bacterial or viral infection, but can be a symptom of, for instance, auto-immune, malignant or thromboembolic disease. Determining the etiology of fever in a fast and reliable way is of pivotal importance, as different causes of fever may ask for different therapies. Neither clinical signs and symptoms, nor traditional biomarkers, such as CRP, leukocytes and ESR have sufficient sensitivity and specificity to guide treatment decisions. In this review we focus on the value of traditional and newer biomarkers in non-infectious febrile diseases. Procalcitonin (PCT) seems to be the most helpful laboratory marker for the differentiation of causes of fever, particularly in autoimmune, autoinflammatory and malignant diseases. (C) 2010 The British Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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St George Univ London, Sir Joseph Hotung Ctr Musculoskeletal Dis, London SW17 0RE, EnglandSt George Univ London, Sir Joseph Hotung Ctr Musculoskeletal Dis, London SW17 0RE, England
Alavi, Azita
Axford, John S.
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St George Univ London, Sir Joseph Hotung Ctr Musculoskeletal Dis, London SW17 0RE, EnglandSt George Univ London, Sir Joseph Hotung Ctr Musculoskeletal Dis, London SW17 0RE, England
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Med Coll Wisconsin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USAMed Coll Wisconsin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
Ananthakrishnan, A. N.
McGinley, E. L.
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Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USAMed Coll Wisconsin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
McGinley, E. L.
Binion, D. G.
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Med Coll Wisconsin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USAMed Coll Wisconsin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
机构:
St George Univ London, Sir Joseph Hotung Ctr Musculoskeletal Dis, London SW17 0RE, EnglandSt George Univ London, Sir Joseph Hotung Ctr Musculoskeletal Dis, London SW17 0RE, England
Alavi, Azita
Axford, John S.
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St George Univ London, Sir Joseph Hotung Ctr Musculoskeletal Dis, London SW17 0RE, EnglandSt George Univ London, Sir Joseph Hotung Ctr Musculoskeletal Dis, London SW17 0RE, England
机构:
Med Coll Wisconsin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USAMed Coll Wisconsin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
Ananthakrishnan, A. N.
McGinley, E. L.
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h-index: 0
机构:
Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USAMed Coll Wisconsin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
McGinley, E. L.
Binion, D. G.
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机构:
Med Coll Wisconsin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USAMed Coll Wisconsin, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA