The risk factors for the failure of hook wire localization of ground glass nodules prior to thoracoscopic surgery

Objectives To retrospectively analyse the potential influencing factors of CT-guided hook wire localization failure prior to thoracoscopic resection surgery of ground glass nodules (GGNs), and determine the main risk elements for localization failure. Methods In all, 372 patients were included in this study, with 21 patients showing localization failure. The related parameters of patients, GGNs, and localization were analysed through univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors of localization failure. Results Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that trans-fissure (odds ratio [OR] 4.896, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.489-13.939); trans-emphysema (OR 3.538, 95% CI 1.343-8.827); localization time (OR 0.956, 95% CI 0.898-1.019); multi-nodule localization (OR 2.597, 95% CI 1.050-6.361); and pneumothorax (OR 10.326, 95% CI 3.414-44.684) were risk factors for localization failure, and the p-values of these factors were < 0.05. However, according to the results of multivariate analysis, pneumothorax (OR 5.998, 95% CI 1.680-28.342) was an exclusive risk factor for the failure of preoperative localization of GGNs. Conclusion CT-guided hook wire localization of GGNs prior to thoracoscopic surgery is often known to fail; however, the incidence is low. Pneumothorax is an independent risk factor for failure in the localization process.