Synthesis of Phenanthridines through Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of 2-Halo-N-Ms-arylamines with Benzyl Halides/Sulfonates
被引:22
作者:
Yang, Si-Yi
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Zunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R ChinaZunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R China
Yang, Si-Yi
[1
]
Han, Wen-Yong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Zunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R ChinaZunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R China
Han, Wen-Yong
[1
]
Zhang, Ding-Lei
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Zunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R ChinaZunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R China
Zhang, Ding-Lei
[1
]
Zhou, Xiao-Jian
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Zunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R ChinaZunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R China
Zhou, Xiao-Jian
[1
]
Bai, Mei
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Zunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R ChinaZunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R China
Bai, Mei
[1
]
Cui, Bao-Dong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Zunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R ChinaZunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R China
Cui, Bao-Dong
[1
]
Wan, Nan-Wei
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Zunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R ChinaZunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R China
Wan, Nan-Wei
[1
]
Yuan, Wei-Cheng
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Organ Chem, Natl Engn Res Ctr Chiral Drugs, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R ChinaZunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R China
Yuan, Wei-Cheng
[2
]
Chen, Yong-Zheng
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Zunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R ChinaZunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R China
Chen, Yong-Zheng
[1
]
机构:
[1] Zunyi Med Univ, Gener Drug Res Ctr Guizhou Prov, Sch Pharm, Zunyi 563000, Peoples R China
[2] Chinese Acad Sci, Chengdu Inst Organ Chem, Natl Engn Res Ctr Chiral Drugs, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China
An efficient palladium-catalyzed nucleophilic substitution/C-H activation/aromatization cascade reaction between readily available 2-halo-N-Ms-arylamines (Ms = methanesulfonyl) and benzyl halides/sulfonates has been described. A wide variety of phenanthridines were synthesized in a one-pot fashion in moderate to high yields (37-86 %). Notably, this method provides a straightforward, facile approach for the synthesis of phenanthridines. The practicality was further substantiated by successfully carrying out a gram-scale preparation.
机构:
Wenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Wenzhou Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Engn, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Zhao, Zhiwei
Zeng, Ge
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Engn, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Zeng, Ge
Chen, Yinan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Chen, Yinan
Zheng, Jinming
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Zheng, Jinming
Chen, Zhongyan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Engn, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Chen, Zhongyan
Shao, Yinlin
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Engn, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Shao, Yinlin
Zhang, Fangjun
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Zhang, Fangjun
Chen, Jiuxi
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Engn, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Chen, Jiuxi
Li, Renhao
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
机构:
Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
State Key Lab Chinese Med Modernizat, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R ChinaTianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
Ma, Jun
Wang, Huali
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
State Key Lab Chinese Med Modernizat, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R ChinaTianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
Wang, Huali
Meng, Qingyu
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R ChinaTianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
Meng, Qingyu
Wang, Haoyue
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R ChinaTianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
Wang, Haoyue
Li, Fangyi
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
State Key Lab Chinese Med Modernizat, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R ChinaTianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
Li, Fangyi
Li, Zheng
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
State Key Lab Chinese Med Modernizat, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R ChinaTianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
机构:
Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R ChinaHebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R China
Lu, Jie
Guan, Zhong-Zhi
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R ChinaHebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R China
Guan, Zhong-Zhi
Gao, Jian-Wu
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R ChinaHebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R China
Gao, Jian-Wu
Zhang, Zhan-Hui
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R ChinaHebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R China
机构:
South China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaSouth China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Xiong, Wenfang
Cheng, Ruixiang
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
South China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaSouth China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Cheng, Ruixiang
Wu, Bowen
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
South China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Luminescent Mat & Devices, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaSouth China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Wu, Bowen
Wu, Wanqing
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
South China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
South China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Luminescent Mat & Devices, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaSouth China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Wu, Wanqing
Qi, Chaorong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
South China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
South China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Luminescent Mat & Devices, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaSouth China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Qi, Chaorong
Jiang, Huanfeng
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
South China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaSouth China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
机构:
Wenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Wenzhou Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Engn, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Zhao, Zhiwei
Zeng, Ge
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Engn, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Zeng, Ge
Chen, Yinan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Chen, Yinan
Zheng, Jinming
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Zheng, Jinming
Chen, Zhongyan
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Engn, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Chen, Zhongyan
Shao, Yinlin
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Engn, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Shao, Yinlin
Zhang, Fangjun
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Zhang, Fangjun
Chen, Jiuxi
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Engn, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
Chen, Jiuxi
Li, Renhao
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Wenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R ChinaWenzhou Med Univ, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China
机构:
Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
State Key Lab Chinese Med Modernizat, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R ChinaTianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
Ma, Jun
Wang, Huali
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
State Key Lab Chinese Med Modernizat, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R ChinaTianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
Wang, Huali
Meng, Qingyu
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R ChinaTianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
Meng, Qingyu
Wang, Haoyue
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R ChinaTianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
Wang, Haoyue
Li, Fangyi
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
State Key Lab Chinese Med Modernizat, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R ChinaTianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
Li, Fangyi
Li, Zheng
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Tianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
State Key Lab Chinese Med Modernizat, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R ChinaTianjin Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Coll Pharmaceut Engn Tradit Chinese Med, Tianjin Key Lab Intelligent & Green Pharmaceut Tra, Tianjin 301617, Peoples R China
机构:
Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R ChinaHebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R China
Lu, Jie
Guan, Zhong-Zhi
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R ChinaHebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R China
Guan, Zhong-Zhi
Gao, Jian-Wu
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R ChinaHebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R China
Gao, Jian-Wu
Zhang, Zhan-Hui
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
Hebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R ChinaHebei Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Shijiazhuang 050016, Peoples R China
机构:
South China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaSouth China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Xiong, Wenfang
Cheng, Ruixiang
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
South China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaSouth China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Cheng, Ruixiang
Wu, Bowen
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
South China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Luminescent Mat & Devices, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaSouth China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Wu, Bowen
Wu, Wanqing
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
South China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
South China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Luminescent Mat & Devices, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaSouth China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Wu, Wanqing
Qi, Chaorong
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
South China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
South China Univ Technol, State Key Lab Luminescent Mat & Devices, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaSouth China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China
Qi, Chaorong
Jiang, Huanfeng
论文数: 0引用数: 0
h-index: 0
机构:
South China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R ChinaSouth China Univ Technol, Sch Chem & Chem Engn, Key Lab Funct Mol Engn Guangdong Prov, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China