Barriers and Enablers to Treatment-Seeking Behavior and Causes of High-Risk Practices in Ebola: A Case Study From Sierra Leone

Nine months after the start of the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone in May 2014, communities in Port Loko continued to engage in high-risk practices; many remained unwilling to seek treatment. In the face of such behaviors, Oxfam Community Outreach teams conducted qualitative research using in-depth interviews, focus groups, and questionnaires to better understand the barriers and enablers affecting treatment-seeking behavior. Analysis of their results highlights 3 primary barriers to treatment seeking: fear and limited information, concern about unknown outsiders, and the often prohibitive distance and limited accessibility of treatment. Communities were asked to provide suggestions on how to address these barriers. Their recommendations fell into 4 main categories: providing information and better communication, including community members in decisions, providing closer treatment facilities with opportunities to learn how they operate, and using survivors to inspire hope for other sufferers. This research highlights the need for social mobilization programs to invest early in understanding the underlying causes of risky behaviors in order to develop programs that address them.