Sustainable design of a municipal solid waste management system in an integrated closed-loop supply chain network using a fuzzy approach: a case study

Waste management can be considered as a strategic issue for any government, which could include waste collection, separation, transfer, disposal, and recycling. Having a proper disposal and recycling supply chain is useful to prevent contamination of the environment to a large extent. The implementation of this system seems far from reality, regardless of considering the uncertainty. For this purpose, the fuzzy programming approach has been used. In this paper, a sustainable municipal solid waste disposal system has been designed and developed by a mixed-integer linear programming model to optimize the number and locations of construction sites for recycling centers. This system, in addition to taking the costs into account, includes optimizing the number of manpower, as well as the amount of pollutant. These aspects have been considered in order to have a system as close as possible to reality.