Small-Scale Combined Heat and Power Systems: The Prospects for a Distributed Micro-Generator in the 'Net-Zero' Transition within the UK

被引:11
作者
Hammond, Geoffrey P. [1 ,2 ]
Tilley, Adam A. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Bath, Dept Mech Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England
[2] Univ Bath, Inst Sustainable Energy & Environm I SEE, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England
关键词
micro-generation; combined heat and power (CHP); micro-CHP; internal combustion engine; Stirling engine; fuel cell; residential sector; energy efficiency; carbon dioxide emissions; RENEWABLE MICROGENERATION SYSTEM; LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT; ENERGY ANALYSIS; PUMPS; APPRAISAL; PERFORMANCE; SIMULATION; EMISSIONS; EXERGY; IMPACT;
D O I
10.3390/en15166049
中图分类号
TE [石油、天然气工业]; TK [能源与动力工程];
学科分类号
0807 ; 0820 ;
摘要
Small-scale combined heat and power (micro-CHP or mCHP) plants generate heat in the process of localised electricity production that can usefully be captured and employed for domestic space and water heating. Studies of the relative merits of three alternative network-connected mCHP plants are reviewed based respectively on an Internal Combustion engine (ICE), a Stirling engine (SE), and a Fuel Cell (FC). Each plant will, in most cases, result in lower carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, relative to those from the most efficient condensing boilers. In addition, they lead to operational cost savings for the consumer, depending on house type. However, their capital costs are presently more expensive than a conventional boiler, with the FC being prohibitively so. The ICE and SE variants display the greatest economic and environmental benefit. Nevertheless, the performance and costs associated with these innovative technologies have rapidly improved over the last decade or so. Comparisons are also made with heat pumps that are seen as a major low-carbon competitor by the United Kingdom (UK) Government. Finally, the potential role of micro-CHP as part of a cluster of different micro-generators attached to contrasting dwellings is considered. The review places mCHP systems in the context of the UK transition pathway to net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050, whilst meeting residential energy demand. However, the lessons learned are applicable to many industrialised countries.
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页数:32
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