Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regenerate Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Review Article

Background Diabetes is one of the metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, with many complications. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a significant complication of diabetes. Various therapy procedures have been recently described for DFU improvement. Methods Using PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar to discover the therapeutic effects of bee products, this review study was conducted in 2018-2019 by searching PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. Results Cell therapies with various cell candidates such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are increasingly introduced into routine medical care to manage skin wounds. The applying of these cells for tissue regeneration was initially based on the capability of MSCs to differentiate into specialized cells within the injured tissue. Paracrine signaling and differentiation mechanisms have both been contributed to improving tissue repair by MCSs. However, the role of MSCs differentiation is less due to the poor survival of these cells at the site of injury. Conclusion At the same time, paracrine signaling or their secretome is the primary mechanism of MSCs that stimulate neovascularization and re- epithelialization and mobilization of inhabitant stem cells. In this review study, we discuss the role of MSCs and their secretome that can improve the use of this new approach in treating ulcers and DFU.