Optical dielectric waveguide analysis, based on the modified finite element and integral equation methods

Efficient versions of the finite element and integral equation methods have been developed to analyse the guided (surface) modes of an arbitrary shaped optical fibre. The first approach is based on the replacement of the open waveguide by the screen guide structure with an artificial impedance wall. The integral equation is solved by the adaptive collocation technique. The methods are used to calculate the dispersion characteristics of the elliptical fibre modes and their cut-off frequencies. The results obtained are compared with those calculated by other methods.