PM2.5 polluters disproportionately and systemically affect people of color in the United States

被引：384

作者：

Tessum, Christopher W. ^{[1
]}

Paolella, David A. ^{[2
,7
]}

Chambliss, Sarah E. ^{[3
]}

Apte, Joshua S. ^{[4
,5
]}

Hill, Jason D. ^{[6
]}

Marshall, Julian D. ^{[2
]}

机构：

[1] Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA

[2] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[3] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA

[4] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[5] Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[6] Univ Minnesota, Dept Bioprod & Biosyst Engn, St Paul, MN 55108 USA

[7] Clean Energy Transit Inst, Seattle, WA 98105 USA

来源：

SCIENCE ADVANCES | 2021年 / 7卷 / 18期

关键词：

FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; EXPOSURE; SEGREGATION; DISPARITIES;

D O I：

10.1126/sciadv.abf4491

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Racial-ethnic minorities in the United States are exposed to disproportionately high levels of ambient fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5), the largest environmental cause of human mortality. However, it is unknown which emission sources drive this disparity and whether differences exist by emission sector, geography, or demographics. Quantifying the PM2.5 exposure caused by each emitter type, we show that nearly all major emission categories-consistently across states, urban and rural areas, income levels, and exposure levels-contribute to the systemic PM2.5 exposure disparity experienced by people of color. We identify the most inequitable emission source types by state and city, thereby highlighting potential opportunities for addressing this persistent environmental inequity.

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