β-Mangostin suppresses LA-7 cells proliferation in vitro and in vivo: Involvement of antioxidant enzyme modulation; suppression of matrix metalloproteinase and α6β4 integrin signalling pathways

beta-mangostin (beta M) was isolated from Cratoxylum arborescens to investigate anti-breast cancer effect in vitro and in vivo. beta M exhibited an inhibitory effect on the growth of LA-7 cells in vitro with apoptosis formation. In the animal model, beta M treatment was found to be effective in improving the tissue antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase activity (P < 0.05). beta M treatment clearly exhibited apoptosis in mammary tumour tissues, and it was associated with regulation of PCNA and p53. The cDNA microarray gene expression followed by qRT-PCR based validation demonstrated that beta M could mediate tumour reduction and prevent metastasis by reduction of MMP-9, MMP-13, and MMP-27. Moreover, the reduction of both 14-3-3 beta and ITGB4 genes indicated the involvement of alpha 6 beta 4 integrin signalling pathway. These findings showed that beta-mangostin is a promising compound candidate as an anti-tumour agent against breast cancer. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.