Structural changes in the trabecular bone of the mandibular condyle of growing patients with sagittal jaw discrepancy treated with the twin-block appliance

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the structural changes in the trabecular bone of the mandibular condyles in patients treated with the Twin-block functional orthopaedic appliance that act by promoting condylar growth and to compare the fractal dimension (FD) of condylar trabecular bone structure prior to treatment (T0) and after orthopaedic functional treatment (T1). Setting and sample population: This retrospective study included panoramic images of 112 individuals with a mean age of 11.04 +/- 1.30 years in the study group (32 girls and 24 boys) and 11.6 +/- .80 years in the control group (29 girls and 27 boys). Materials and Methods The standardized region of interest was selected as the right and left condylar areas close to the articulation surfaces from the twin-block (TB) group, which included patients who completed functional orthopaedic treatment and the control group, which included untreated individuals. FD values in the condylar region were analysed from the panoramic radiographs of both groups using a box-counting method with ImageJ software (version 1.52a, US National Institutes of Health). Results There was a significant decrease in the FD values of the right (-.038) and left (-.022) condylar region at T0 and T1 in the TB group. Between-group FD comparisons demonstrated that the TB group showed changes in the condylar region (right, P = .004; left, P = .022) compared to the control group. Conclusion Functional orthopaedic forces caused a decrease in the trabecular structure of the condylar area examined.