Detection of Optogenetic Stimulation in Somatosensory Cortex by Non-Human Primates - Towards Artificial Tactile Sensation

被引:32
作者
May, Travis [1 ]
Ozden, Ilker [1 ]
Brush, Benjamin [1 ]
Borton, David [1 ,2 ]
Wagner, Fabien [3 ]
Agha, Naubahar [1 ]
Sheinberg, David L. [3 ]
Nurmikko, Arto V. [1 ,4 ]
机构
[1] Brown Univ, Sch Engn, Providence, RI 02912 USA
[2] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Ctr Neuroprosthet, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
[3] Brown Univ, Dept Neurosci, Providence, RI 02912 USA
[4] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA
来源
PLOS ONE | 2014年 / 9卷 / 12期
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
ELECTRICAL-STIMULATION; CORTICAL-NEURONS; NEURAL CIRCUITS; MICROSTIMULATION; DISCRIMINATION; ACTIVATION; MOTOR; INFORMATION; POPULATIONS; BEHAVIOR;
D O I
10.1371/journal.pone.0114529
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Neuroprosthesis research aims to enable communication between the brain and external assistive devices while restoring lost functionality such as occurs from stroke, spinal cord injury or neurodegenerative diseases. In future closed-loop sensorimotor prostheses, one approach is to use neuromodulation as direct stimulus to the brain to compensate for a lost sensory function and help the brain to integrate relevant information for commanding external devices via, e.g. movement intention. Current neuromodulation techniques rely mainly of electrical stimulation. Here we focus specifically on the question of eliciting a biomimetically relevant sense of touch by direct stimulus of the somatosensory cortex by introducing optogenetic techniques as an alternative to electrical stimulation. We demonstrate that light activated opsins can be introduced to target neurons in the somatosensory cortex of non-human primates and be optically activated to create a reliably detected sensation which the animal learns to interpret as a tactile sensation localized within the hand. The accomplishment highlighted here shows how optical stimulation of a relatively small group of mostly excitatory somatosensory neurons in the nonhuman primate brain is sufficient for eliciting a useful sensation from data acquired by simultaneous electrophysiology and from behavioral metrics. In this first report to date on optically neuromodulated behavior in the somatosensory cortex of nonhuman primates we do not yet dissect the details of the sensation the animals exerience or contrast it to those evoked by electrical stimulation, issues of considerable future interest.
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页数:18
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