Measurement of the cosmic ray composition at the knee with the SPASE-2/AMANDA-B10 detectors

被引：30

作者：

Ahrens, J

Ackermann, M

Andres, E

Bai, X

Barwick, SW

Bay, RC

Becka, T

Becker, KH

Bernardini, E

Bertrand, D

Binon, F

Biron, A

Boersma, DJ

Böser, S

Botner, O

Bouchta, A

Bouhali, O

Burgess, T

Carius, S

Castermans, T

Chirkin, D

Conrad, J

Cooley, J

Cowen, DF

Davour, A

De Clercq, C

DeYoung, T

Desiati, P

Dewulf, JP

Dickinson, E

Ekström, P

Engel, R

Evenson, P

Feser, T

Gaisser, TK

Ganugapati, R

Gaug, M

Geenen, H

Gerhardt, L

Goldschmidt, A

Hallgren, A

Halzen, F

Hanson, K

Hardtke, R

Hauschildt, T

Hellwig, M

Herquet, P

Hill, GC

Hinton, JA

Hubert, D

机构：

[1] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys, D-55099 Mainz, Germany

[2] DESY, D-15735 Zeuthen, Germany

[3] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA

[4] Univ Delaware, Bartol Res Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA

[5] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA

[6] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[7] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys 8, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany

[8] Free Univ Brussels, Fac Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[9] Uppsala Univ, Div High Energy Phys, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden

[10] Univ Stockholm, SCFAB, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[11] Kalmar Univ, Dept Technol, S-39182 Kalmar, Sweden

[12] Univ Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium

[13] Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[14] Univ Leeds, Sch Phys & Astron, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England

[15] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

[16] Free Univ Brussels, ELEM, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium

[17] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London SW7 2AZ, England

[18] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, River Falls, WI 54022 USA

[19] Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Fis, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela

[20] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[21] Univ Hawaii, Dept Phys & Astron, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA

来源：

ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS | 2004年 / 21卷 / 06期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

cosmic rays; neutrino astronomy; mass composition;

D O I：

10.1016/j.astropartphys.2004.04.007

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

The mass composition of high-energy cosmic rays at energies above 10(15) eV can provide crucial information for the understanding of their origin. Air showers were measured simultaneously with the SPASE-2 air shower array and the AMANDA-B10 Cherenkov telescope at the South Pole. This combination has the advantage to sample almost all high-energy shower muons and is thus a new approach to the determination of the cosmic ray composition. The change in the cosmic ray mass composition was measured versus existing data from direct measurements at low energies. Our data show an increase of the mean log atomic mass <ln A> by about 0.8 between 500 TeV and 5 PeV. This trend of an increasing mass through the "knee" region is robust against a variety of systematic effects. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

引用

页码：565 / 581

页数：17

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