Academic goal-setting among college students experiencing food insecurity, housing instability, and other challenges in a diverse public university

In recent years, a growing body of research has documented the prevalence of homelessness and food insecurity on college campuses. Related literature calls attention to low retention and degree completion rates among students from specific groups, including traditionally underrepresented minorities and students with a variety of academic, personal, and financial challenges. However, few studies have explored students' subjective experiences related to achieving academic goals, and whether and how challenges in meeting basic needs inhibit goal attainment. Findings from this mixed methods, longitudinal study (N = 53) conducted at a California State University campus, indicate that students experience significant barriers to goal achievement. Caregiving for family and dependents as well as working significant hours to meet basic needs were frequently reported as inhibiting academic progress. However, despite barriers, 39.6% of the students who completed the study achieved their most ambitious academic goals. Specific groups of students, including sophomores and students participating in the federal food benefit program, were less likely to reach their most ambitious goals as compared to other students. Findings suggest that in addition to support for meeting basic needs, students may benefit from proactive mentoring that specifically focuses on setting and achieving goals.