Electrical Tuning of Fresnel Lens in Reflection

Optical metasurfaces have been extensively investigated, demonstrating diverse and multiple functionalities with complete control over the transmitted and reflected fields. Most optical metasurfaces are, however, static, with only a few configurations offering (rather limited) electrical control, thereby jeopardizing their application prospects in emerging flat optics technologies. Here, we suggest an approach to realize electrically tunable optical metasurfaces, demonstrating dynamic Fresnel lens focusing. The active Fresnel lens (AFL) exploits the electro-optic Pockels effect in a 300 nm thick lithium niobate layer sandwiched between a continuous thick and a nanostructured gold film serving as electrodes. We fabricate and characterize the AFL, focusing 800-900 nm radiation at a distance of 40 mu m, with the focusing efficiency of 15%, and demonstrating the modulation depth of 1.5%, with the driving voltage of +/- 10 V within the bandwidth of similar to 6.4 MHz. We believe that the electro-optic metasurface concept introduced is useful for designing dynamic flat optics components.