Risk Factors for Dupilumab-Associated Conjunctivitis in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis

IMPORTANCE Clinical trials of dupilumab for atopic dermatitis (AD) have reported an increased incidence of conjunctivitis in patients who received dupilumab compared with those who received placebo. OBJECTIVE To describe the characteristics of patients who develop conjunctivitis secondary to dupilumab treatment for AD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Case series of 12 patients who reported development of conjunctivitis from a cohort of 142 patients treated with dupilumab for AD at a secondary care center from March 14, 2017, to March 29, 2018. EXPOSURES Patients received a 600-mg injection of dupilumab as a loading dose and a 300-mg injection every 2 weeks thereafter. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcome measures were severity of AD as measured by the Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) score, a 5-point scale from 0 (clear) to 4 (severe), at the time of dupilumab initiation and at conjunctivitis onset. RESULTS Of the 12 patients included in this series, 7 (58%) were male. The mean (SD) age of patients was 30 (8.1) years at the time conjunctivitis developed. All patients showed improvement of their AD at the time of conjunctivitis diagnosis, with a mean (SD) 1.9 (0.8)-point decrease in IGA score and 47.8% (11.2%) decrease in body surface area affected. Nine of the 12 patients (75%) had severe baseline AD with an IGA score of 4. All patients who discontinued treatment had severe AD at the time of initial dupilumab administration and had at least 1 atopic condition in addition to AD. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Conjunctivitis that develops after administration of dupilumab to treat AD may be severe enough to necessitate stopping therapy. Severe conjunctivitis was more likely to develop in patients with more severe baseline AD who had a good response to dupilumab and an increased atopic phenotype. Studies are needed to confirm risk factors associated with development of conjunctivitis and to determine effective treatment.