Improved low-Reynolds-number k-(ε)over-tilde model based on direct numerical simulation data

An improved low-Reynolds-number k-<(epsilon)over tilde> turbulence model is proposed. The model is designed not only to conform with the near-wall characteristics obtained with direct numerical simulation data but also to possess the correct asymptotic behavior in the vicinity of the wall. The key features of this model are the adoption of the Taylor microscale in the damping function and the inclusion of the pressure diffusion terms in the k and <(epsilon)over tilde> equations. Further applications of the present model to a two-dimensional backward-facing step flow indicate that the present model reproduces correctly the skin-friction and near-wall heat transfer coefficients.