Correlation of ubiquitin C terminal hydrolase and S100β with cognitive deficits in young adults with mild traumatic brain injury

Objective: To study the acute phase serum biomarkers in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and to correlate them with short term cognitive deficits. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care center for neurotrauma. The participants included patients with mTBI (n = 20) and age, gender, and education-status matched healthy controls (n = 20). In both the groups, the serum concentrations of biomarkers ubiquitin C terminal hydrolase (UCH-L1) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100.) were measured. Both the groups underwent neuropsychological tests. The serum tests were done in the acute stage after injury and the neuropsychological tests were done 3 months after injury. Results: There was no significant increase in the serum S100B and UCH-L1 levels in patients with mTBI. Patients with mTBI had significant cognitive deficits at 3 months after injury, which was suggestive of involvement of diffuse areas of the brain, in particular, the premotor, prefrontal, and medial inferior frontal lobes and the basitemporal region. The correlation of biomarkers with cognitive deficits in patients with mTBI was found in the following domains: working memory, verbal learning, verbal fluency, and visual memory. Conclusion: The serum biomarkers of mTBI have a correlation with selective domains of neuropsychological outcome.