Cardiovascular disease-related mortality risk in end stage renal disease and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review

Background: Patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes can have microvascular and macrovascular complications, including renal impairment and cardiovascular diseases. However, it is unknown how diabetes and renal disease could influence cardiovascular mortality. Objective: This study aims at examining the medical literature to evaluate the risk of cardiovascular death in concomitant end stage renal disease with type 2 diabetes. Method: Medical literature was reviewed through Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Ovid database in the duration between 2009 and 2019. Searching terms included were a combination of "type 2 diabetes mellitus" AND "end-stage renal disease" AND "cardiovascular mortality". Following this, results were filtered to include only original research articles investigating cardiovascular mortality in concomitant diabetes and end-stage renal disease. Selected trials mentioned diabetes control as well as the follow-up duration of the included patients. Result: A total of 1508 articles were retrieved. Following the exclusion of articles on animals and including only trials on humans, 32 articles appeared. A total of eight articles were identified as eligible, covering a total of 2,06,492 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease. All the studies were prospective studies, except for three studies that were retrospective. Conclusion: There is an elevated cardiovascular mortality risk in concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal disease, especially with uncontrolled blood glucose levels.