Real-Time Performance and Response Latency Measurements of Linux Kernels on Single-Board Computers

This research performs real-time measurements of Linux kernels with real-time support provided by the PREEMPT_RT patch on embedded development devices such as BeagleBoard and Raspberry Pi. The experimental measurements of the Linux real-time performance on these devices are based on real-time software modules developed specifically for the purposes of this research. Taking in consideration the constraints of the specific hardware platforms under investigation, new measurements software was developed. The measurement algorithms are designed upon response and periodic task models. Measurements investigate latencies of real-time applications at user and kernel space. An outcome of this research is that the proposed performance measurements approach and evaluation methodology could be applied and deployed on other Linux-based boards and platforms. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the PREEMPT_RT patch overall improves the Linux kernel real-time performance compared to the standard one. The reduced worst-case latencies on such devices running Linux with real-time support could make them potentially more suitable for real-time applications as long as a latency value of about 160 mu s, as an upper bound, is an acceptable safety margin.