Dynamics of Winds and Currents Coupled to Surface Waves

被引:303
作者
Sullivan, Peter P. [1 ]
McWilliams, James C. [2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Earth & Sun Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA
[2] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
[3] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
基金
美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
boundary layer; Langmuir turbulence; wave breaking; large-eddy simulation; air-sea interaction; hurricane; LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; OCEANIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; LANGMUIR-CIRCULATION; BREAKING WAVES; TURBULENT-FLOW; MOMENTUM FLUX; GAS-EXCHANGE; VORTEX-FORCE; WATER-WAVES;
D O I
10.1146/annurev-fluid-121108-145541
中图分类号
O3 [力学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0801 ;
摘要
We discuss the coupling processes between surface gravity waves and adjacent winds and currents in turbulent boundary layers. These processes mediate exchanges of momentum, beat, and gases between the atmosphere and ocean and thus are of global significance for climate. Surface waves grow primarily by pressure-form stress from airflow over the waveforms, and they dissipate in the open sea by wave breaking that injects and stirs momentum, energy, and bubbles into the ocean. Wave motions pump wind eddies that control fluxes across the lower atmosphere. Flow separation occurs behind steep wave crests, and at high winds the crests flatten into spume, which diminishes the drag coefficient. In the ocean the Lagrangian-mean wave velocity, Stokes drift, induces a vortex force and material transport. These generate Langmuir circulations penetrating throughout the boundary layer and enhancing entrainment at the stratified interior interface in combination with other turbulent eddies and inertial-shear instability.
引用
收藏
页码:19 / 42
页数:24
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