Energy loss straggling of energetic ions in varying thicknesses of Titanium foils

Energy loss straggling of energetic Li, C and O ions in varying thicknesses of self-supporting Titanium foils is measured, in the fractional energy loss limits (Delta E/E) similar to 5-50%. For these measurements, transmission technique is utilized and recorded energy spectra are estimated through Gauss fitting function. The measured straggling values are compared with the prediction of most commonly used collisional (Bohr, Lindhard-Scharff, Bethe-Livingston, Titeica) and collisional plus charge-exchange (Yang et al.) straggling formulations. Titeica theory, which is considering collisional straggling only, shows lesser deviations with the measured values. Based on the present measurements, the fitted relations for charge-exchange straggling is developed.