Discovery of massive evolved galaxies at z > 3 in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field

被引:28
作者
Chen, HW [1 ]
Marzke, RO
机构
[1] MIT, Ctr Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
[2] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
关键词
D O I
10.1086/424732
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
We have identified six early-type galaxies at z > 2.8 in the central 5.76 arcmin(2) Hubble Ultra Deep Field NICMOS region based on a pronounced broadband discontinuity between the NICMOS F110W and F160W bandpasses. These galaxies have red observed optical and near-infrared colors (AB(F775W) - AB(F160W) greater than or equal to 2) that cannot be explained entirely by dust reddening ( indicating advanced age), and their luminosities at rest-frame optical wavelengths suggest a substantial stellar mass. One of the galaxies is detected in the X-ray and is likely to have an active nuclear region, while the rest are estimated to be at least 1 Gyr old at z approximate to 3 and contain a total stellar mass of (0.4-9.1) x 10(10) h(-2) M-.. We calculate a cumulative comoving stellar mass density of rho(star) = (0.7 1.2) x 10(7) h M-. Mpc(-3) for massive evolved galaxies of M > 10(9) h(-2) M-. at z > 2.5. Comparison of the stellar mass density confined in galaxies of different types shows that massive evolved galaxies contribute approximate to16% - 28% of total stellar mass density even at these early epochs. Finally, an analysis of their morphology observed in the ACS and NICMOS images shows that the active galaxy has compact structure, while the rest are less concentrated. The presence of massive evolved galaxies at z similar to 3, when the universe was only 2 Gyr old, suggests that early star formation may have been particularly efficient in massive halos.
引用
收藏
页码:603 / 609
页数:7
相关论文
共 32 条
  • [1] The Gemini Deep Deep Survey. I. Introduction to the survey, catalogs, and composite spectra
    Abraham, RG
    Glazebrook, K
    McCarthy, PJ
    Crampton, D
    Murowinski, R
    Jorgensen, I
    Roth, K
    Hook, IM
    Savaglio, S
    Chen, HW
    Marzke, RO
    Carlberg, RG
    [J]. ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL, 2004, 127 (05) : 2455 - 2483
  • [2] THE MORPHOLOGIES OF DISTANT GALAXIES .1. AN AUTOMATED CLASSIFICATION-SYSTEM
    ABRAHAM, RG
    VALDES, F
    YEE, HKC
    VANDENBERGH, S
    [J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1994, 432 (01) : 75 - 90
  • [3] The evolution of galaxy mass in hierarchical models
    Baugh, CM
    Benson, AJ
    Cole, S
    Frenk, CS
    Lacey, C
    [J]. MASS OF GALAXIES AT LOW AND HIGH REDSHIFT, 2003, : 91 - 96
  • [4] SExtractor: Software for source extraction
    Bertin, E
    Arnouts, S
    [J]. ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES, 1996, 117 (02): : 393 - 404
  • [5] Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
    Bruzual, G
    Charlot, S
    [J]. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2003, 344 (04) : 1000 - 1028
  • [6] DUST EXTINCTION OF THE STELLAR CONTINUA IN STARBURST GALAXIES - THE ULTRAVIOLET AND OPTICAL EXTINCTION LAW
    CALZETTI, D
    KINNEY, AL
    STORCHIBERGMANN, T
    [J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 1994, 429 (02) : 582 - 601
  • [7] A deeper view of extremely red galaxies: the redshift distribution in the GOODS/CDFS ISAAC field
    Caputi, KI
    Dunlop, JS
    McLure, RJ
    Roche, ND
    [J]. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2004, 353 (01) : 30 - 42
  • [8] The Las Campanas Infrared Survey.: IV.: The photometric redshift survey and the rest-frame R-band galaxy luminosity function at 0.5 ≤ z ≤ 1.5
    Chen, HW
    Marzke, RO
    McCarthy, PJ
    Martini, P
    Carlberg, RG
    Persson, SE
    Bunker, A
    Bridge, CR
    Abraham, RG
    [J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2003, 586 (02) : 745 - 764
  • [9] The Las Campanas Infrared Survey.: III.: The H-band imaging survey and the near-infrared and optical photometric catalogs
    Chen, HW
    McCarthy, PJ
    Marzke, RO
    Wilson, J
    Carlberg, RG
    Firth, AE
    Persson, SE
    Sabbey, CN
    Lewis, JR
    McMahon, RG
    Lahav, O
    Ellis, RS
    Martini, P
    Abraham, RG
    Oemler, A
    Murphy, DC
    Somerville, RS
    Beckett, MG
    Mackay, CD
    [J]. ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 2002, 570 (01) : 54 - 74
  • [10] The 2dF galaxy redshift survey: near-infrared galaxy luminosity functions
    Cole, S
    Norberg, P
    Baugh, CA
    Frenk, CS
    Bland-Hawthorn, J
    Bridges, T
    Cannon, R
    Colless, M
    Collins, C
    Couch, W
    Cross, N
    Dalton, G
    De Propris, R
    Driver, SP
    Efstathiou, G
    Ellis, RS
    Glazebrook, K
    Jackson, C
    Lahav, O
    Lewis, I
    Lumsden, S
    Maddox, S
    Madgwick, D
    Peacock, JA
    Peterson, BA
    Sutherland, W
    Taylor, K
    [J]. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, 2001, 326 (01) : 255 - 273