As an important part of vocal guidance, piano performance and singing guidance are important ways to cultivate students' interest in piano and improve their improvisational level. With the development of education, especially the rapid popularization and promotion of big data and other information technologies, traditional teacher-led performance and singing teaching models have gradually met the learning needs of students and affected their learning effects. Therefore, it is indispensable to reform and innovate the guiding philosophy and methods of performance and songs. Therefore, how to introduce big data technology into piano performance and singing guidance is worthy of in-depth discussion. Online education has obvious advantages in auditory training. Whether it is impromptu feedback through online classrooms, or completion of homework through audio, it can have the effect of "grinding ears". On the one hand, the clear audio allows students to think aurally in a good auditory environment; on the other hand, through online interactive answering, teachers can accurately understand the development of the auditory perception of the entire class, so as to adjust the training content immediately. The subject studied the problems existing in the teaching of traditional piano playing and singing, and proposed different solutions for the computer artificial intelligence system and virtual image processing technology, so that image classification and video teaching have a better recognition effect, and promote vocal music teaching forward development of.