Enhanced radiation characteristics of graphene-based patch antenna array employing photonic crystals and dielectric grating for THz applications

The Graphene patch antennas is widely used due to high electrical conductivity, high mobility, and saturation velocity in THz band. In a Terahertz (THz) band, high-gain antennas to be preferred to minimized the atmospheric attenuation and path losses. In this article, the enhanced radiation characteristics graphene-based antenna array design concept is proposed by using homogeneous substrate, photonic band gap crystal (PBG) substrate and superstrated dielectric grating. The projected graphene-based 2 x 1 patch array antennas works as a resonance patch with complementary split split split ring resonator (CSSSRR) for the frequency range from 0.84 THz to 0.94 THz. The tunable property of graphene material and PBG substrate are investigated by varying the chemical potential (mu(c)) of graphene sheet and different radius of hollow cylinders respectively. The minimum return loss of -57.052 dB, peak gain of 14.69 dB and directivity of 15.5 dBi are achieved with the planned antenna employing with superstrated dielectric grating structures. The suggested 2 x 1 graphene patch antenna array are operating in low atmospheric attenuation window henceforth suitable for the application of medical imaging, threat detection, and THz wireless communication.