The association of glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 deletions with myocardial infarction

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are the family of enzymes involved in the second line of defense against oxidative stress (OS). The lack of GSTT1/GSTM1 enzyme quantity or activity, due to the presence of homozygous deletion compromises antioxidative defense resulting in OS. OS is the critical mechanism in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction (MI). The increase in reactive oxygen species together with the process of apoptosis plays a role in left ventricular remodeling (LVR) after MI. The associations of GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of MI are inconsistent. The aim was to analyze the association of GSTT1/GSTM1 null genotypes with first MI and LVR 8 months after the MI. The study involved 330 controls and 438 consecutive patients with symptoms and signs of first MI. The subgroup of 150 MI patients was prospectively followed up for 6 months. Evidence of maladaptive LVR was obtained by 2D Doppler echocardiography 3-5 days and 6 months after the MI. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the deletion in GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes. GSTM1 null genotype was significantly and independently associated with first MI (adjusted OR = 1.45 95% CI 1.03-2.03, p = 0.03). Association of double null genotypes with maladaptive LVR in patients 6 months after the first MI was no longer significant after adjustment for factors that differed significantly between patients with and without maladaptive LVR. This study demonstrated the association of GSTM1 null genotypes with the risk of MI in the Serbian population.